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Frame ID: M01 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features:Isotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red isotropic area is coke cell wall material and the dark circular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Isotropic 0.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 7 or lower. | |
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Frame ID: M02 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: Blue (80 daylight) Important Features:Isotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple isotropic area is coke cell wall material and the dark lenticular features are mineral matter. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Isotropic 0.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 7 or lower. | |
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Frame ID: M03 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features:Incipient coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Incipient 0-0.5 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 8. | |
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Frame ID: M04 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: Blue (80 daylight) Important Features:Incipient coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas at the top left are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Incipient 0-0.5 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 8. | |
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Frame ID: M05 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Fine circular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas are vesicles. At the top right of the frame there is an isotropic inert fragment. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 0.5-1.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 9. | |
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Frame ID: M06 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: Blue (80 daylight) Important Features: Fine circular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas at the lower left are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 0.5-1.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 9. | |
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Frame ID: M07 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Medium circular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 1.0-1.5 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 10. | |
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Frame ID: M08 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: (80 daylight) Important Features: Medium circular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 1.0-1.5 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 10. | |
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Frame ID: M09 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Coarse circular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas at top right and lower left are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 1.5-2.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 11. | |
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Frame ID: M10 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: (80 daylight) Important Features: Coarse circular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material. The dark isotropic fragment with cell structure at the lower center is a fusinite maceral that appears unaltered by the coking process. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 1.5-2.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 11. | |
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Frame ID: M11 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Fine lenticular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. An inertinite fragment is seen at the right center part of the frame. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Lenticular Anisotropic 1.0-3.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 12. | |
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Frame ID: M12 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: (80 daylight) Important Features: Fine lenticular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material. Small brownish isotropic inertinite particles are also present. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 1.0-3.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 12. | |
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Frame ID: M13 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Medium lenticular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red and yellow speckled areas are cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Lenticular Anisotropic 3.0-8.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 13. | |
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Frame ID: M14 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: (80 daylight) Important Features: Medium lenticular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material. The isotropic area to the right of center is an inertinite fragment. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the medium Lenticular Anisotropic 3.0-8.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 13. | |
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Frame ID: M15 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Coarse lenticular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Lenticular Anisotropic 8.0-12.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 14. | |
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Frame ID: M16 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: (80 daylight) Important Features: Coarse lenticular anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Lenticular Anisotropic 8.0-12.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 14. | |
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Frame ID: M17 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Fine ribbon anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red and yellow speckled areas are cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Ribbon Anisotropic 2.0-12.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of low volatile bituminous coals of V type 15. | |
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Frame ID: M18 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: (80 daylight) Important Features: Fine ribbon anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Ribbon Anisotropic 2.0-12.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 15. | |
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Frame ID: M19 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Medium ribbon anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red and yellow speckled areas are cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Ribbon Anisotropic 12.0-25.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of low volatile bituminous coals of V type 16. | |
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Frame ID: M20 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: (80 daylight) Important Features: Medium ribbon anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 12.0-25.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of low volatile bituminous coals of V type 16. | |
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Frame ID: M21 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Coarse ribbon anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The red and yellow areas are cell wall material and the dark lenticular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Ribbon Anisotropic +25.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of low volatile bituminous coals of V types 17-19. | |
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Frame ID: M22 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: (80 daylight) Important Features: Coarse ribbon anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The purple and green areas are cell wall material and the dark lenticular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Ribbon Anisotropic +25.0 micron group. This type of carbon form is typical of low volatile bituminous coals of V types 17-19. | |
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Frame ID: M23 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Extra coarse ribbon anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: Note the parallel flow texture in the coke cell wall material and the lack of vesicles. Only linear fractures are seen. This type of structure is typical of cokes formed under very high pressures from high rank coking coals. | |
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Frame ID: M24 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: (80 daylight) Important Features: Coarse ribbon anisotropic coke texture High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: Note the very coarse ribbon anisotropic units and the lack of vesicles. Only linear fractures are seen. This type of structure is typical of cokes formed under very high pressures from high rank coking coals. | |
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Frame ID: M25 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Coarse-grained organic inert material High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The pink isotropic material is derived from fusinite macerals that did not react in the coking process. The cell structure seen in the fusinite is original plant structure. | |
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Frame ID: M26 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features:Medium-grained organic inert material High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The pink isotropic material is derived from detrital inertinite macerals that did not react in the coking process. The broken cell structure of these particles is derived from original plant structure. | |
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Frame ID: M27 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Fine-grained organic inert material High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The pink isotropic material is derived from micrinite and other inertinite macerals that did not react in the coking process. | |
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Frame ID: M28 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Dull coal/bright coal interface High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The particle on the right, derived from bright coal, shows well developed mosaic texture and vesicles. The particle on the left, derived from dull coal, features abundant organic inerts, poorly developed vesicles, and original bedding. These features suggest that it never became as fluid as the bright coal particle. The sharp boundary between these particles is also a zone of structural weakness. | |
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Frame ID: M29 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features:Inclusion of bone coal High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The black streaks across the center of the frame are mineral matter from a particle of bone coal. Note the finer mosaic size around this area. | |
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Frame ID: M30 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Pyrite inclusion High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The center of the frame is filled with pyrite that has survived the coking process. Note the finer mosaic size around the pyrite. | |
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Frame ID: M31 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Pyrite inclusion High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The bright area in the upper left part of the frame is pyrite. Note the reaction zone and reduced mosaic size around it. | |
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Frame ID: M32 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features:Inclusion of coke breeze High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The particle on the left is a fragment of recycled coke. Note the pyrolytic carbon around the coke vesicle segments. | |
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Frame ID: M33 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features:Inclusion of coke breeze High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The large particle in the center of the frame is coke breeze. Note the pyrolytic carbon coating the vesicle edges. | |
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Frame ID: M34 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features:Inclusion of anthracite High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The brownish particle in the upper center part of the frame is an anthracite inclusion. Notice how the large crack in the coke is stopped at the anthracite boundary. | |
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Frame ID: M35 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features:Inclusion of anthracite High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The large particle at the center right of the frame is anthracite. Note the poor bonding between the anthracite and the coke. | |
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Frame ID: M36 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features:Inclusion of petroleum coke High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The large particle at the top of the frame is a petroleum coke inclusion. Notice the large texture and parallel flow structure of the petroleum coke. | |
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Frame ID: M37 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features:Pyrolytic carbon on vesicle walls High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The rims of the vesicles are covered with a thick coating of pyrolytic carbon. Note the distinctive extinction pattern of the pyrolytic carbon. | |
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Frame ID: M38 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Roof carbon High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The concentric nature and spoke-like extinction pattern are characteristic of carbon deposited on the coke oven roof – roof carbon. | |
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Frame ID: M39 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Burnt (oxidized) coke High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The particle at the top of the frame has been burnt when the coke was pushed from the coke oven. | |
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Frame ID: M40 Sample ID:Metallurgical Coke Magnification:As given Illuminator:Vertical Objective: 50x oil Polarizer: In Analyzer: In Retarder Plate:In Filter: None Important Features: Green coke High Resolution Image (300 dpi) |
| Description: The particle in the left portion of the frame has not been completely devolatilized. Such particles are called green coke. | |
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